High five — you've made it this far! This is a summary of the most important points from this module. You will see this information again in the big Cram Sheet in Module 9. And scroll down to see the flash cards at the bottom. Happy studying!

• Must be at least 16 years old to get a Remote Pilot Certificate.
• Must report an accident to the FAA within 10 calendar days of any operation that results in serious injury or property damage over $500.
• Must successfully complete an online recurrent training course (ALC-677) every 24 calendar months to maintain certification currency.
• A "small" unmanned aircraft weighs less than 55 pounds.
• Part 107 applies to civil / commercial operations, NOT public aircraft operated under a COA, model aircraft or hobby operations.
• You have 30 days to notify the FAA of your change of address.
• The Remote PIC is directly responsible for and is the final authority on the operation of the sUAS conducted under Part 107.
• Non-certificated operators can fly an sUAS, but only if they’re being directly supervised by a certificated Remote PIC who has the ability to immediately take direct control of the sUAS. One way to do this is via a “buddy box” training system with one cord that connects two different control stations / remote controls / transmitters.
• Even though Visual Observers and other crew members aren’t required to be certificated, they still can’t participate in the operation if they’re not in a physical or mental state to do so. This includes being too hungover, fatigued, and the other health and wellness considerations a Remote PIC would factor in prior to operating an sUAS.
• Each UA registered under Part 107 costs $5 and is valid for 3 years.
• If your UAS is destroyed, sold, lost, or transferred to another operator, you should cancel your registration through the FAA’s online registration system.
• If your UAS weighs 55 lbs or more, it must be registered using the FAA's paper-based registration process.
• Your UAS registration marking must be legible and durable. Sample methods include engraving, permanent marker, or self-adhesive label. It must also be visible on the exterior surface of the aircraft (i.e., you cannot put the registration number in a battery compartment)
• You must have your FAA registration certificate in your possession when operating an unmanned aircraft. The certificate can be available either on paper or accessible electronically.
• If the owner of the UAS is less than 13 years old, then the UAS must be registered by a person who is at least 13 years old.
• If your UAS is registered in a foreign country, it must be registered using the FAA’s online registration system before it can be flown in the US.  
• In case of an in-flight emergency, you are permitted to deviate from any rule of Part 107 to the extent necessary to respond to that emergency. You only need to report the incident if details are requested by the FAA. The actual rule states that you would send a written report “upon request of the Administrator,” so just a heads up that a deviation report isn’t required, but you may be asked for one.
• Your UAS may not be flown faster than a groundspeed of 87 knots, which is equivalent to 100 miles per hour.
• Minimum visibility, as observed from where you’re operating the sUAS / where your transmitter is, must be at least 3 statute miles (SM).
• If there are clouds, the aircraft must be at least 500 feet below the clouds and at least 2,000 feet horizontally from the clouds.
• You cannot fly an unmanned aircraft higher than 400 feet above ground level (AGL), unless it’s flown within a 400-foot radius of a structure and does not fly higher than 400 feet above the structure’s immediate uppermost limit.
• Scheduled maintenance should be performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s suggested procedures.
• Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) must be accomplished and maintained by unaided vision. You can wear eyeglasses or contact lenses, but you cannot use binoculars. Looking through a first-person-view (FPV) screen doesn’t count as VLOS.
• Your blood alcohol level needs to be less than .04 percent.
• At least 8 hours need to pass between drinking alcohol and piloting an unmanned aircraft (or taking part as another crewmember).
• It takes 3 hours for just one mixed drink to get through the body.
• If there is any doubt regarding the effects of any medication, contact your local Aviation Medical Examiner (AME).
• Want more information on the possible effects on flying or using over-the-counter medications? Look in the Aeromedical Factors chapter of the Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge.
• You can actually lose your remote pilot certificate and/or not be allowed to apply for a certificate in the first place for up to one year if there’s been any recent federal or state alcohol or drug violations. That includes refusing to submit to a blood alcohol test.
• Mitigate risk before flying by using the IMSAFE acronym.

Flying Over People

• Do not operate your drone from a moving vehicle or aircraft unless you are flying your drone over a sparsely populated area 
• Unless you’re flying an unmanned aircraft that has been approved for operations in Category 1 - 4, flights over a human being are prohibited unless that human being is: (a) Directly participating in the operation of the small unmanned aircraft; or (b) Located under a covered structure or inside a stationary vehicle that can provide reasonable protection from a falling small unmanned aircraft.
• There are four categories of unmanned aircraft for routine operations over people and moving vehicles: 
  • Category 1 
    • Unmanned aircraft must weigh 0.55 lbs or less, including everything on board or attached; 
    • Does not require labeling and must not have exposed rotating parts that would lacerate human skin; 
    • Does not require an FAA-accepted Means of Compliance (MOC) or Declaration of Compliance (DOC)
    • Sustained flight over open-air assemblies is prohibited unless the aircraft is equipped with standard Remote ID or a Remote ID broadcast module
  • Category 2 
    • Unmanned aircraft weigh over 0.55 lbs; must not have exposed rotating parts that would lacerate human skin and must be labeled as Category 2
    • Does not contain any safety defects and it must not cause injury to a human being with an impact greater than 11 foot-pounds of kinetic energy 
    • Requires FAA-accepted means of compliance and declaration of compliance.
    • Sustained flight over open-air assemblies is prohibited unless the aircraft is equipped with standard Remote ID or a Remote ID broadcast module
  • Category 3 
    • Unmanned aircraft weigh over 0.55 lbs; must not have exposed rotating parts that would lacerate human skin and must be labeled as Category 3
    • Does not contain any safety defects and it must not cause injury to a human being with an impact greater than 25 foot-pounds of kinetic energy.  
    • Requires an FAA-accepted means of compliance and declaration of compliance.
    • Must not operate the unmanned aircraft over open-air assemblies 
    • Operations must be within or over a closed or restricted access site and all people within the site must be on notice that a small unmanned aircraft may fly over them.
    • May only maintain sustained flight over people directly participating in flight operations or located under a covered structure or inside a stationary vehicle 
  • Category 4  
    • Unmanned aircraft must have an airworthiness certificate issued under Part 21 and the operating limitations must not prohibit operations over human beings.  
    • Must be operated in accordance with the operating limitations specified in the approved Flight Manual and must maintain documentation of maintenance, preventive maintenance, alterations, and inspections performed for a period of 1 year.
    • Sustained flight over open-air assemblies is prohibited unless the aircraft is equipped with standard Remote ID or a Remote ID broadcast module
      
      
• Category Labeling — The FAA allows the small unmanned aircraft to be labeled by any means as long as the label is in English, legible, prominent, and permanently affixed to the aircraft. If a label degrades and is no longer legible or attached to the aircraft, the remote pilot is responsible for providing a new label before operating over people. 
• Means of Compliance (MOC) — a method to show that a small unmanned aircraft does not exceed the applicable injury severity limit upon impact with a human being, does not contain any exposed rotating parts that would lacerate human skin, and does not contain any safety defects.
  • An MOC is required for aircraft eligible for operations over people in Category 2, Category 3, or both.
  • An FAA-accepted MOC is subject to an ongoing review, and may be rescinded by the FAA if determined the MOC no longer demonstrates compliance with Part 107. If the FAA elects to rescind a MOC, it will publish a notice in the Federal Register.
• Declaration of Compliance (DOC) — the person who designs, produces, or modifies an unmanned aircraft must declare compliance with the appropriate performance-based safety requirements.
  • Category 1 ops do not require a Declaration of Compliance (DOC).
  • Records related to DOC must be maintained for a minimum of 2 years after ceasing the manufacturing of the aircraft.
• Category 3 operations may take place over or within closed or restricted-access sites where everyone within the site is on notice that a small unmanned aircraft may fly over them. The operational area cannot be considered an open-air assembly.
• Operations over moving vehicles must be Category 1, Category 2, & Category 3. Aircraft must not sustain flight over vehicles; transit operations only.
• Remote pilots are prohibited from operating a small unmanned aircraft as a Category 1, 2, or 4 operation in sustained flight over open-air assemblies unless the operation is compliant with Remote ID. 
• Part 107 does not impose a specific distance when flying near people but you’ll need to consider the aircraft’s speed, trajectory, and environmental conditions such as wind, precipitation, the location and movement of people, vehicles, as well as terrain features. The remote pilot should evaluate and make adjustments to this minimum distance as conditions change.
• The categories of operations and their restrictions for operations over people do not change due to conditions of night; risk mitigation measures apply equally to day and night operations.
• The manufacturer’s operating instruction should include a list of allowed modifications for the unmanned aircraft to remain eligible for its designated Category.
• If you intend to make modifications to your aircraft and conduct operations over people in accordance with the declared Category, you can only use parts from an approved list provided by the manufacturer’s operating instruction.
• A small UA system may be eligible for one or more categories of operation over people as long as a Remote Pilot in Command cannot inadvertently switch between modes or configurations.

Want extra practice? Use the flashcards below to reinforce your memory and understanding.

Click on the ‘Click to Start Review’ button to begin. Then, 'click on each card' to flip it over and reveal the answer.

Good luck — you’re making great progress!